Educational Debt Crisis: Analysis of Debt and Income Among Physicians, Dentists, Optometrists, Pharmacists and Veterinarians

Chisholm-Burns MA, Spivey CA, Stallworth S, Graff-Zivin J. Educational Debt Crisis: Analysis of Debt and Income Among Physicians, Dentists, Optometrists, Pharmacists and Veterinarians. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, (2019): ajpe7460.

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Educational debt in the US has increased considerably over the past decade and can negatively impact health professionals and patient care. The objective of this study was to evaluate educational debt-to-income trends in pharmacy, dentistry, medicine, optometry, and veterinary medicine from 2010 to 2016. Debt-to-income ratios for all selected health professions except medicine (physicians) exceeded 100%.

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